Strategic Issues in Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Key Issues in Financial Services - Essay Example There are 13 banks that were engaged with the yearly JD Power and Associates Retail Banking Customer Satisfaction Survey (O'sullivan 2010, pp. 2). Out of these, the Cooperative Bank of England performed exemplarily and developed tops. Convent was evaluated as the most exceedingly awful bank in the UK. Moreover, Bank of Scotland, HSBC, Clydesdale and Barclay’s banks were considered as performing worse than average. The National Building Society and RBS were different banks that were considered as being best entertainers. The rating of the banks was done dependent on six particular boundaries. The simplicity of issue goals, comfort to the client, exchanges, the contribution of items like record openings, account explanations and the expenses that the bank charged were the six boundaries utilized. The general trust in the financial division is considered to have improved, this regardless of the fall of the Northern Rock just as the ongoing credit crunch. The overview further expr essed that lone a fourth of the respondents would not prescribe their bank to other people and a similar number accepted that the steadiness of the financial part had changed close to nothing. Notwithstanding the mind-boggling bolster that the area has recovered in the most recent year, a sizeable number of the 3,300 respondents in the review expressed that the expenses charged by their banks were the main consideration for their retained help. Over the most recent few years, the credit crunch has adversely influenced the presentation of the financial segment with some universal banks requiring bailout. The breakdown of the sub-prime loaning bubble prompted an aftermath that influenced numerous banks universally. In any case, a few banks dealt with the emergency extensively well, helped by sound procedures. In this conversation, the emphasis is on the pioneers and slow pokes that rose up out of the executives of the monetary emergency. The pioneer in the conversation will be the Coo perative Bank that was considered as the best bank in the UK by the JD Power and Associates review. A similar study pit HSBC as performing underneath normal and this will be the slow poke in the resulting conversation. Once in the past, individuals didn't think about the degree of worldwide combination. Be that as it may, the different breakdown of numerous establishments in the worldwide scene introduced an image of what amount incorporated the world truly is. Governments mediated with enormous bailouts and other money related guidelines that were planned for balancing out the budgetary circumstance. As though to intensify matters, the impacts were additionally stressed by the downturn that followed. It is in this foundation that the best systems for endurance and development are tried. Both the Cooperative Bank and HSBC worked against this scenery. What was viewed as the standard needed to change radically so as to ensure business considering the question that the emergency made. The Cooperative Bank was not saved. It made misfortunes on its unsafe speculations however the sum it made in misfortunes can't be likened to the sum that private banks like HSBC brought about (Cogan 2008, p. 7). The attributes of the bank that caused it to endure less include the way that its clients are likewise its individuals and are the ones that own it. The quality in this standard is that all methodologies must be driven by agreement and are not dependent on a solitary partner just like the case with HSBC. There is additionally an attendant view that is as long as possible and furthermore a position that is chance opposed that permit the bank to be increasingly preservationist regarding the methodology embraced towards retail banking. The Cooperative

Hydraulics and Hydrology Lec Free Essays

string(26) with a frameworks approach. 48362 †HYDRAULICS and HYDROLOGY James E Ball †Hydrology Component SUBJECT DETAILS 1 CONTACTS ? Assoc Prof James Ball ? ? ? james. ball@uts. edu. We will compose a custom exposition test on Power through pressure and Hydrology Lec or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now au ph †9514 2623 Office Hours ? ? Monday 2:00 †4:00pm Contact by email for arrangement SUBJECT CONCEPT The target of this part of the subject is: ? Present designing hydrology; ? Present hydrological forms; ? Present flood estimation; and ? Present designing hydrology applications in water assets the board. 2 SUBJECT CONCEPT This presentation is focused on: ? Giving a capacity to apply ordinarily utilized techniques in hydrology; and ? Give a comprehension of the hypothesis behind these strategies. REFERENCES Three references that might be valuable are ? Applied Hydrology †Chow, Maidment Mays, McGraw-Hill Book Co. ? Hydrology An Australian Introduction †Ladson, Oxford University Press ? Australian Rainfall Runoff †A Guide to Flood Estimation †Engineers Australia No distributed Course Notes are accessible for this subject. 3 SUBJECT DOCUMENTS UTS-Online will be utilized for conveyance of ? Duplicates of talk slides; ? Understanding material; and ? Instructional exercise issues. Understudies should take note of that extra reference books might be noted in the talk slides. Talk STRUCTURE Each Hydrology address period will contain: ? 2 hour address; and ? 1 hour instructional exercise. It is normal that understudies will have gotten to the talk slides, understanding material and instructional exercises before the talk time frame. 4 SUBJECT TIMETABLE Date Topic 27 February Hydrology and Water Resources 5 March Meteorology 12 March Hydrologic Data 19 March Surface Water 27 March Storm Runoff 2 April Hydrologic Design 9 April Design Rainfall 1 May Peak Flow Estimation 7 May Hydrograph Estimation †Part 1 13 May Hydrograph Estimation †Part 2 14 May Environmental Flows 21 May Water Sensitive Urban Design 4 June Course Review HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Lecture 1 5 CONTENT ? Prologue to Hydrology ? Advancement of Hydrology ? Hydrologic Cycle ? Australian Hydrology INTRODUCTION 6 DEFINITION OF HYDROLOGY Greek word: Hydor = water ology = investigation of Hydraulics originates from Greek word hydraulikos which thusly originates from hydor (Greek for water) and aulos (which means pipe). Meaning OF HYDROLOGY UNESCO (1979)1 characterizes hydrology as â€Å"the physical science which treats the waters of the Earth, their Occurrence, Circulation and Distribution, their Chemical and Physical Properties, and their Reaction with the Environment†. UNESCO, (1979), Impact of urbanization and industrialisation on water assets arranging and the board, Studies and Reports in Hydrology, UNESCO, UNESCO, Paris. 7 Water is basic for upkeep of life. Early civilisations were focused on waterways ? ? foundation of settlements close to streams similar to searching for indications of water on Mars Management of water is multi-disciplinary; numerous callings are included. WATER Variety of issues experienced incorporate ? Flood moderation ? Sterile sewer frameworks ? Land seepage ? Water Supply ? Duct and extension plan ? Ecological Flows ? Disintegration ? Mine tailings ? Dry spell ? Adjustment to environmental change ? Water system frameworks ? Hydro-electric and force age ? Stormwater frameworks 8 RURAL FLOODING URBAN FLOODS 9 STORMWATER STRUCTURES STORMWATER DRAINS 10 WATER SUPPLY HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER 11 IRRIGATION SCHEMES DROUGHT 12 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Ancient civilisations were coordinated with their waterway valleys. Models are ? ? ? ? ? Egyptian Civilisations and the Nile Valley Mesopotamian Civilisations and the TigrisEuphrates Indian Civilisations and the Indus Valley Ancient China and the Yellow River Andean Civilisations and Coastal Peru DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Huge numbers of structures from early civilisations are still in activity. Enormous scope water system and seepage works were related with these civilisations. Most punctual recorded dam is about 2900BC (the Sadd Al-Kafara at Wadi Al-Garawi, 25km south of Cairo) Used for both flood insurance and water system. Likewise site of most punctual known dam disappointment. 13 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Oldest enduring dam on the planet is the Grand Anicut Dam on the Kaveri River in Southern India. This structue goes back to second Century AD. Improvement OF HYDROLOGY Water gracefully to Ancient Rome has been evaluated as being approx 500L/c/d. Ebb and flow water gracefully necessities are ? ? ? Australian urban areas, structure †approx. 430L/c/d Australian urban communities, real †approx. 230L/c/d US urban communities, plan †approx 600L/c/d Drainage structures, (for example, the Cloaca Maxima) from Ancient Rome are as yet being utilized today. 14 ANCIENT ROMANS Cloaca maxima Bath, UK AQUEDUCTS Pont du Gard, France c19 BC Hampi, India first century AD 15 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Flood insurance has been rehearsed for a huge number of years along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It stays an issue of worry in these territories to the present day. Advancement OF HYDROLOGY Water has been of enthusiasm for a long time. Antiquated Greek and Roman scholars hypothesized on a hydrologic cycle †Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Lucretius, Seneca, Pliny. This cycle was created from their perceptions of water in their condition. Utilization of perceptions stays a key segment of ebb and flow hydrologic applications and research. 16 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Chinese recorded perceptions of downpour ? ? ? A yang prophet bones as right on time as 1200BC; Used downpour checks around 1000BC; and Established methodical records about 200BC. Indian records go back to 400BC. Improvement OF HYDROLOGY Scientific advancement of hydrology happened uring the Renaissance time frame. Models are ? ? ? Leonardo da Vinci †speed disseminations in streams. Bernard Palissy †springs started from precipitation. Pierre Perrault †spillover is a small amount of precipitation. 17 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY Other commitments during this period were made by ? ? ? ? ? Galileo Newton Bernoulli Euler Lagrange DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROL OGY Significant logical improvement happened in the nineteenth Century when ? ? ? ? ? Dalton proposed the rule of vanishing. Hagen-Poiseuille depicted narrow stream. Mulvaney built up the Rational strategy. Darcy portrayed numerically permeable media low. Rippl created techniques for deciding stockpiling prerequisites. 18 DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGY twentieth Century saw quick improvement of quantitative hydrology. Greatest impact during this period was the advancement of the computerized PC and the improvement of catchment demonstrating frameworks. Confinement presently is information accessibility instead of count limit. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 19 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE One of the central patterns of nature. Reason for the study of hydrology. Significant focuses ? ? ? ? Cycle has no beginning and no closure. Cycle is consistent. Stream of water in the cycle isn't constant. Water moves whimsically through the cycle. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 20 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE 21 HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE General parts of the cycle are ? Barometrical Water ? Surface Water ? Ground Water In investigation of water asset issues, these parts are treated with a frameworks approach. You read Water power and Hydrology Lec in classification Papers 22 SYSTEMS CONCEPT A frameworks idea is applied while considering the hydrological cycle or some part thereof. This is steady with the reductionist idea utilized in many building issues. Frameworks CONCEPT The reductionist way of thinking depends on lessening the framework to various littler omponents. The reaction of the framework at that point is resolved from summation of the reactions of the individual parts. 23 SYSTEMS CONCEPT WATER BALANCE 24 WATER BALANCE Amount of water doesn't change. Where it might be found changes. Water possibly found in the oceans and seas, in the climate, by all accounts, benea th the surface, and in natural frameworks. WATER BALANCE ITEM Oceans Polar Ice Groundwater Lakes Soil Moisture Atmospheric Water Rivers Biological ?Water VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER 1. 338 x 109 96. 5 24. 0 x 106 1. 7 23. 4 x 106 1. 69 187. 9 x 103 0. 0138 16. 5 x 103 0. 0012 12. 9 x 103 . 001 2. 1 x 103 0. 0002 1. 1 x 103 0. 0001 1. 386 x 109 100. 0 UNESCO, 1978 †ref 11, ladson ch1 25 WATER BALANCE Not all water is freshwater. Just approx 2. 5% of the water is new water †water in the seas and some lake water and ground water is saline. Thinking about just new water, the qualities in the past table are changed to WATER BALANCE UNESCO, 1978 ITEM VOLUME (km3) % TOTAL WATER Polar Ice 24. 0 x 106 68. 6 Groundwater 23. 4 x 106 30. 1 103 0. 26 Soil Moisture 16. 5 x 103 0. 05 Atmospheric Water 103 0. 04 Rivers 2. 1 x 103 0. 006 Biological Water 1. 1 x 103 0. 003 Fresh Water 35. 0 x 106 00. 0 Lakes 187. 9 x 12. 9 x 26 WATER BALANCE Basis of any volume based issue is a water balance . This is an utilization of the idea of progression. As a rule, utilization of progression gives in volume terms Inflow †Outflow = Change in Storage (? S) And in transition terms Qi †Qo = ? S/? t WATER BALANCE Components of inflow for a water body, for example, a lake or supply are ? Precipitation (P) ? Inflow from streams or groundwater (I) 27 WATER BALANCE Components of surge for a water body, for example, a lake or supply are ? Evapo-transpiration (ET); ? Surges †Extractions, Downstream streams, (O); and ? Drainage (G) WATER BALANCE Hence the water balance for a water body is P + I †O †ET †G = ? S 28 WATER FLOWS While the volume of water in a source is significant, the motion of water through a segment is significant too. A sign of the transition can be gotten from the outline of the hydrological cycle. WATER FLOWS The Global Annual Water Balance is appeared on in units comparative with the yearly volume

The Art and Science of User Experience (UX) Optimization

The Art and Science of User Experience (UX) Optimization Every day, every interaction we have with the external elements, generates feelings inside of us and adds to our life’s experiences. When you are interacting with computers and technology, using products and services, the feelings that are induced is what makes up the User Experience (UX). © Shutterstock.com | rasscoIn this article, we define 1) what is UX (User Experience), and continue with 2) why do we need UX optimization, 3) things to optimize with UX, and 4) conclusion.WHAT IS UX?User experience is the accumulation of the feelings and emotions you generate within yourself while consuming a product, a service or while using a system. This includes your perceptions of how delighted, satisfied, or unsatisfied you feel while using that particular system, product, and/or service.According to ISO, user experience is all about what you feel and believe, how you perceive and accomplish, how you behave and how your body responds (physically as well as psychologically) before, during and after using a product, service or a system.This brings into play individuals and the subjectivity related to individuals. Not everyone thinks, feels, perceives, behaves, and responds the same; therefore, you can expect variation in user experience from individual to the individual.All in all, user experience is influenced by three main things:the user’s state of mind and previous experience they have had regarding usage of a particular product, service and/or system,the system’s properties andthe context within which this usage is taking place.Sometimes when we are in a hurry or stressed out, we will have different perceptions and emotions during consumption; our UX will vary according to the state of the mind and the context within which we are consuming the product/service/system.WHY DO WE NEED USER EXPERIENCE OPTIMIZATIONFor your website, if you want to achieve success in your business then you must work towards UX optimization, that is, optimization of user experience. The reason for this is quite simple indeed â€" you will only win customers and business if you provide a positive UX to customers â€" otherwise they will simply they will simply move elsewhere.From a website’s point of view, below are a few specific reasons as to how your website can benefit from UX optimization.Higher Conversion RateConversion rate refers to the rate of the readers or visitors of your website into buyers. The better UX your website provides, the more are the chances that people are visiting your website get motivated to purchase from you.When your visitors do not undergo positive emotions and experiences while browsing your website, they are more likely to close the webpage and move on to a different webpage. However, if you provide a good user experience to your visitors, chances are they will spend more time exploring your website, find what they are looking for, and do business with you! Thus, improving or providing optimized UX will lead to an increase in your website’s conversion rates.Better User ExperienceWhen you work towards improving the UX for your customers, you are ensuring that your website viewers benefit from having better experiences with your business. Every interaction they have with your website will then start adding positive as sociations with your business, start accumulating positive memories in the mind of your website’s visitors and create a positive reference in their minds regarding your website.ReputationProviding good UX consistently by ensuring UX optimization will gain your business a strong and positive reputation in the market. Visitors that become your customers will spread a positive word of mouth regarding your website and your business, which will in-turn encourage more visitors to visit your website and motivate customers to do business with you. This solid reputation can lower your costs of attracting and retaining customers and also win you a following of loyal customers, getting you an assured amount of repeat business.Manage Bounce RatesOptimized UX has the ability to reduce bounce rates by captivating your audience and encouraging them to explore your website. Bounce rates are determined by calculating the number of people navigating away from your website after having visited one p age of it only. If you do not provide an optimized UX, your audience will lose interest and not bother viewing other pages of your website. But if you give them a positive and optimized UX, they will certainly be willing to view other pages as well and since they would like to do business with you, they will visit linked pages that will enable them to make a purchase.Competitive Advantage, More SalesYour product may have the same features as that of your competitors, so how to differentiate? This is where an optimized UX comes into play. An optimized UX may very well become a competitive advantage of your business and become the reason your business wins more sales as compared to your competitor. This is because a customer’s decision to buy a product or service or to use a system depends upon the UX, and an optimized UX is a sure shot way to stand out amongst your competitors.THINGS TO DO TO OPTIMIZE UXNow that we know the importance and benefits of optimizing UX, we need to learn how we can achieve this feat. Here are a few dimensions to be kept in mind while trying to create an optimized UX scenario.a.     LearnabilityAmongst the usability goals of a website, learnability is probably at the top of the list. Learnability is the effectiveness of your website and is a measure of how quickly first time visitors of your website complete a task on it. Now you cannot guarantee that all visitors on your website share the same acumen relating to web surfing and use of the internet.So how to ensure learnability of your website in a situation where you will have experts as well as novices visiting your website?What you need to do is manage the learning curve. This entails creating a flow of events on your website in such a way that users experience simple tasks in the beginning and the task complexity increases as your viewer continues to execute more and more tasks on your website.What happens when you design your website like this is that novice users execute simpl e tasks that help them in achieving their purpose and leave the website satisfied? More experienced users continue exploring your website and discover more complex features that excite them. This way you cater to the interests of all kinds of visitors to your website and increase the overall functionality of your website.b.     EffectivenessAn optimized UX experience can be created by ensuring the effectiveness of your website. A site is high in effectiveness if users or viewers of your website are able to complete a task that they desired from your website. Low website-effectiveness leads to users navigating away from your website without executing the task â€" thus having an overall low UX regarding your website.You can increase the effectiveness of your website through two actions: by giving importance to the functionality of your website over the form of your website and by making accessibility a priority.The main functionality of your website is to generate sales for your busin ess and anything that creates a barrier to an execution of this final step should be discouraged. For example, the mandatory requirement for registration before checking out discourages users from completing their transaction therefore you can make this optional and also provide users an option to execute transaction without registering, i.e. as a guest user.Providing something that is difficult to reach or not available when required makes it useless. Therefore, you must prioritize accessibility so that critical features of your website are accessible at the right time and the right place. You can increase the accessibility of your website by making critical features big and close â€" as outlined in Fitts’s Law. The most important feature of your website should be big in appearance and close, that is, available quickly and easily.c.     EfficiencyAn optimized UX requires your website to perform efficiently. The efficiency of your website is determined by the speed and ease with w hich users are able to execute tasks. You can make your website efficient by following the model ‘CONVERTS’ suggested by Beth Morgan, a marketing consultant.The CONVERTS model states that your website must have the following elements:It should have a ‘Clear Call to Action’ using words such as ‘Sign Up’, ‘Place Your Order Here’, ‘Contact Us’, etc. and all distractions from CTA should be minimized (such as images and videos that distract users and delay CTA)Your website should ‘Offer’ something enticing in return for their action, for example, a free trial.Your website should have a ‘Narrow Focus’. The more choices you give, the longer or harder it will be for users to make a decision.Your website should showcase the ‘Very Important Attributes’ on your main page or at least as near to the main page as possible.Your website should have ‘Effective Headlines’ to gain users’ attention.Adjust your display and see how your website appears in different r esolutions. This will allow you to make a ‘Resolution-Savvy Layout’, so people with different resolutions get to clearly view the important elements of your website with ease.Do not include so many visuals, that makes navigating on your website confusing for the viewer; use ‘Tidy Visuals’ by having enough white space, relevant images, readable font size, bullets, and videos.d.     MemorabilityThe ease of remembering how to accomplish tasks on your website determines the memorability of your website â€" which is another element for creating an optimized UX. If your website has good memorability, users will keep coming back to execute their tasks.A complicated website design is hard to remember; the simpler the design, the easier it is to remember. You can enhance the memorability of your website by creating logical steps for users to navigate on your website. Having lesser steps for accomplishing a certain job also increases the memorability of your website. Another method of enhancing memorability is by keeping a consistent design of your website.e.     Error Prevention/HandlingErrors interfere with UX and therefore in order to optimize the UX of your website it must have a mechanism to help users recover from website errors. There are two ways to tackle the errors â€" prevent them from occurring or have a way to recover from them once they have occurred. The first one is highly preferred but for instances when errors do occur here is what you can do:There are seven responses to an error you can place on your website and then guide users towards recovery or win time during which you can try to resolve the error:1. Gag: The gag response stops users from proceeding and encourages the users to take some action regarding the error that has occurred. Once the error has occurred, the gag response will, for example, ask the users to send an email to the admin to report the error. This sort of response however is viewed as a ‘cold’ response by users and ma y be considered as a rude response because it only informs users of the error without any guidance on how it can be rectified.2. Warn: This response sends an alert to the users regarding the error and then gives an option to the user so they can decide what to do next. This is similar to the alert users receive when they are about to delete files, and the systems alert them to the action they are about to undertake and lets them know of the consequences; then asks from them if they want to proceed or not. This response serves as a welcome alert by beginners, but expert users may just view this as a hindrance and an additional step that slows them down.3. Do Nothing: The ‘do nothing’ response does not respond in any way to the error user may experience. This is an effective solution if you do not want to annoy users with error alerts. However, the system does communicate to the user about the error by dimming out the options that become unavailable to the user due to the error.4. Self-Correct: In this response, the system alerts the user about errors and then also suggests corrections, such as with the spell check option that can help users with typo errors. This is a good way to correct users’ input errors especially where the system can guess users’ input.5. Let’s Talk About It: Where the system cannot be sure of the users’ intentions, upon generation of an error a suggestion can be initiated by the system in the shape of a dialog that can allow the user to change that dialog and write down their exact requirement. Google explains this perfectly when it displays the results user has entered and also makes its suggestion of what the user may be requiring.6. Teach Me: This response entails the system creating an alert and also asking the user to identify whether the alert was correct or not. If the user’s input was incorrectly identified as an error, the system could ask the user to save their preferences so that in the future, the same entry will not be identified as an error.7. User Satisfaction: How satisfied users are with using your website is an important element of creating optimized UX. Users are satisfied with the experience on your website when it meets their expectations and also with a website that has minimal of those factors that annoy them. Factors that turn off users include:Asking users to click excessively even where action could have taken place without the requirement for them to click;Excessive redirection of users to manage traffic;Taking them to the wrong page;Taking too much time to load a page;False start on a page.Minimize these, and you will give your users a satisfied experience on your website, adding to elements that creates an optimized UX.CONCLUSIONWith the increased usage of internet, its availability, and convenience of use, it has become important to provide optimized user experience to the visitors of your website in order to turn them from visitors to customers. With so many options avail able at a click, you must not leave any stone unturned to create the ultimate UX for the users of your website.The basic requirement for creating the ultimate and optimized UX is to strengthen your website so much that it is able to meet the needs of your visitors. Therefore, the process of achieving optimized UX begins by having a deep understanding of the visitors, their needs, their values, their IT acumen, their context and also what limitations they might have and then creating a website that tackles all of these in the best way possible.UX is all about improving the quality of users’ interactions on your website. This is done by making your website desirable, accessible, user-friendly, functional, and reliable. Optimized UX encourages your visitors to re-visit your website, do more business with it and also refer it to other customers through word of mouth promotion.